Aspetti linguistici della traduzione tra l’italiano e il russo: il caso della segmentazione del testo in enunciati

The aim of this paper is to show how a rigorous linguistic-theoretical framework can shed light on some of the central aspects that characterise interlingual translation. The impact on translation of the differences between language systems, of the so-called grammar of options and of the variations in language use is considered. Then, the central role played by corpus linguistics in investigating the preferences of individual languages for specific forms in usage is highlighted. Theoretical aspects are applied to the study of a specific phenomenon, namely text segmentation in utterances in Italian and Russian, carried out by means of 2 subcorpora created within the Italian-Russian parallel corpus of the Russian National Corpus. The analysis reveals the prevalence of simple utterances in Russian as opposed to complex utterances formed of two or more information units in Italian. A higher frequency of relative clauses and implicit gerundial, participial or infinitive clauses is observed in Italian, as well as a tendency towards explicitation of logical-argumentative relations and coreference of the subjects of the informative units included in complex utterances.